While little is known of Khayyám's early life, it is believed that he received an education emphasizing science, mathematics, and philosophy from the celebrated teacher Iman Mowaffak in Neyshabur. They remained in control of the region until the early 1200s. At the time, Persia was ruled by the Turks who had conquered the territory in 1037 bringing with them their Islamic faith. At the time, Neyshabur was a commercially wealthy province, as well as an important intellectual, political, and religious center. Obscure Early Life Khayyám was born in 1048 in Neyshabur, Persia, what is now northeastern Iran. Works in Biographical and Historical Context Both sensual and spiritual, the Rubáiyát has remained powerfully poignant because it appeals to humankind's deepest passions and most profound philosophical concerns. Today, Khayyám's Rubáiyát, a collection of quatrains composed in the traditional Persian rubai style, is recognized throughout the West. Not until scholar and poet Edward FitzGerald translated the Persian manuscript of Khayyám's verse into English in 1859 did the Western world discover Khayyám's lyrics. During his lifetime as a mathematician and astronomer in Persia, Omar Khayyám was renowned for his scientific achievements, but he was not recognized as a poet.
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